A pillar of lifestyle medicine
Social Connection
Why loneliness is a health risk and how support and community protect your health. It is one of the six pillars of lifestyle medicine: relationships and community.
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Guide
Social connection and health: why relationships are a pillar of health
How relationships, support and community are linked to longevity and heart health, what meta-analyses show and where to start.
All articles
Social Connection Loneliness as a health risk: what you should know
How loneliness and social isolation are linked to mortality, heart disease and stroke, who is most at risk and what helps.
Social Connection Volunteering and health: how helping others affects you
What systematic reviews and meta-analyses show about volunteering, depression, life satisfaction and mortality, and how to start without burning out.
Social Connection Family meals: why eating together matters for health
What meta-analyses show about family meals, children’s weight, healthy eating and disordered eating, and how to make shared meals happen.
Social ConnectionPurpose in life and health: how meaning is linked to longevity
What a study of nearly 7,000 Americans over 50 found about life purpose and mortality, why purpose matters at every age and how to find meaning.
Social Connection How to support someone in crisis: five principles of psychological first aid
The five evidence-informed principles for supporting people after traumatic events, how to talk to someone in crisis and why asking about suicide does not increase risk.
Social Connection Blue Zones: lessons from the world’s longevity hotspots
What the five Blue Zones, including Loma Linda, California, have in common, what Adventist Health Studies confirm and why some longevity claims are criticized.
Social ConnectionSocial media and in-person connection: can online replace real relationships?
How heavy social media use is linked to perceived isolation, what experiments found when people limited social media and how to balance online and offline.
Social Connection Friendship in adulthood: how many hours it takes to make a friend
What research shows about the hours it takes to turn an acquaintance into a close friend, why friendship matters for health and how to build it.
Myth or factMyth or fact: introverts do not need social connection
Do introverts do fine alone? What experiments on talking to strangers found and why social connection matters for everyone regardless of temperament.
Social ConnectionCouples and health: why relationship quality matters
What a meta-analysis of 126 studies found about marital quality and health, why conflict matters and what keeps relationships healthy.
Social Connection Pets and health: what research says about dog ownership
What an American Heart Association meta-analysis of 3.8 million people found about dog ownership, mortality and heart attack survival.
Social ConnectionLoneliness, hearing loss and dementia: what you can change
What the Lancet Commission found about 12 modifiable dementia risk factors, including social isolation and hearing loss, and practical steps to lower risk.
Social ConnectionKindness and helping others: how it affects you
What a meta-analysis found about acts of kindness and happiness, why spending money on others boosts well-being and simple kindness ideas.
Social ConnectionHugs and touch: what research says about the health benefits
What a cold virus study found about hugs, stress and illness, and what a meta-analysis of more than 130 studies shows about touch, pain, anxiety and depression.
Social ConnectionFaith communities and health: what studies show
What a study of 74,000 U.S. nurses found about attending religious services and mortality, possible explanations and why the findings are about community, not one belief.
Social Connection Grandparents: how caring for grandchildren is linked to longer life
What the Berlin Aging Study found about grandparents who help with grandchildren, why helping others outside the family matters too and why moderation counts.
Social ConnectionArguments and health: how hostile conflict slows wound healing
What a famous experiment with married couples found about hostile arguments and wound healing, and why the way you argue matters for health.
Social ConnectionLosing a partner: how to support yourself and others after widowhood
What a meta-analysis found about widowhood and mortality, why the first months are especially risky and how family and friends can help.
Social ConnectionSocial prescribing: when a doctor "prescribes" community
What social prescribing is, why it makes sense given the evidence on social connection, what we know about its effectiveness and how to try it yourself.
Social ConnectionPositive childhood experiences: how they protect adult mental health
What a study of 6,000 adults found about positive childhood experiences, depression and relationships, and what parents and other adults can do.
Social ConnectionHow to ask for help: we underestimate how willing others are
What experiments found about how much we underestimate people’s willingness to help, why direct requests work better and how to ask.
Social ConnectionGratitude in relationships: small things that strengthen a couple
What a daily diary study of couples found about gratitude and relationship satisfaction, and simple ways to show appreciation every day.
Social ConnectionNeighbors and community: how neighborhood cohesion is linked to heart health
What a study of 5,000 U.S. adults found about neighborhood social cohesion and heart attack risk, and simple ways to strengthen your community.
Social ConnectionCold weather and power outages: getting through winter together
Why older and isolated people are at greatest risk during winter storms and outages, how to plan with neighbors and family and what never to use for heat.
Quizzes and calculatorsAll quizzes →
Three-item loneliness scale (UCLA-3)
Three questions used in major U.S. studies of loneliness.
Validated questionnaireDe Jong Gierveld loneliness scale (6 items)
Measures emotional and social loneliness.
Validated questionnaireOslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3)
Three questions about who you can count on.
Validated questionnaireMultidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS)
12 statements about support from family, friends and a significant other.
Validated questionnaireCouples Satisfaction Index (CSI-4)
4 questions about satisfaction with your relationship.
Validated questionnairePositive Childhood Experiences (PCE-7)
7 questions about support, safety and belonging in childhood.
Editorial toolHow much connection is in your week? Self-check
A quick look at how often you connect in person and online.
Printables (PDF)All printables →
My connections map
A worksheet for mapping your social network and planning contact.
Tracker"One get-together a week" tracker
A monthly tracker of social contact.
CardsFamily dinner conversation cards
24 questions for phone-free conversation at the table.
CardHow to support someone in crisis: 5 principles
A reminder card with the principles of psychological first aid.
JournalMonthly kindness journal
A tracker for acts of kindness, with ideas.
Plan"Find your community" plan
A worksheet for choosing and planning group activities.
JournalA week of gratitude for your partner
A 7-day journal for couples.
CardEmergency contacts card for your fridge
Fill it in and post it on your fridge.
